Here is the formula for calculating standard Pivot Points:

PP = (High + Low + Close)/3

S1 = (PP * 2) – High

S2 = PP – (High – Low)

S3 = Low – 2(High – PP)

R1 = (PP * 2) – Low

R2 = PP + (High – Low)

R3 = High + 2(PP – Low)

Pivot points can be used to identify the overall trend, since a move through pivot points to the upside indicates an uptrend. Meanwhile the opposite, where a price continues to fall below pivot points during a session, is indicative of a downtrend.

In a ranging market, traders can simply sell (go short) at resistance and buy (go long) at support. For instance, if the market is contained between R1 and S1, buy orders will be placed around S1, with sell orders placed around R1.

In a trending market, relevant Pivot Points will act as reference points for retracing markets to resume the main trend. For instance, if the prices are above PP during an uptrend but below R2. Traders can look to place lucrative buy orders around R1.  

Support and resistance levels are bound to be broken in some in the market. These breakout periods can offer many trading opportunities in the market. Pivot points can also be used to trade potential price breakouts in the market.

Price breakouts occur when the price surges through an existing support or resistance level and effectively switches its role. For instance, if a downward breakout occurs at S2, the pivot line will cease to be a support line and will now be considered a line of resistance.

In this scenario, only sell orders will be considered below S2, and other pivot lines can guide stop loss and take profit placement. Stop losses for sell orders can be placed above S2 and S1, with profit targets placed at S3 and below.

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